Solar panels work by harnessing the power of sunlight and converting it into usable electricity. They are made up of photovoltaic (PV) cells, which are typically composed of silicon or other semiconductor materials. When sunlight hits these cells, it excites the electrons within them, generating an electric current. The PV cells are arranged in a grid-like pattern on the solar panel, allowing them to capture as much sunlight as possible. The direct current (DC) electricity produced by the solar panels is then converted into alternating current (AC) electricity using an inverter. This AC electricity can be used to power electrical appliances and devices in homes, businesses, or even fed back into the electrical grid for others to use. Additionally, solar panels can store excess electricity in batteries for later use when sunlight is not available. Through this process, solar panels provide a clean and renewable source of energy, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and helping to mitigate climate change.